Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. Use more than one herb for best results. Durrani F, Ismail M, Sultan A, Suhail S, Chand N, Durrani Z. The result of the present study would provide knowledge and information about lemon grass as insect repellent. Finally, current studies are difficult to be compared and the repellency effectiveness may also differ among subspecies. arabiensis. along with thousands of other products contains lemon grass oils. mosquitoes, and, (iii) reported the percentage of repellency or complete protection time. 2012;2:6027. Madhiyazhagan P, Murugan K, Kumar AN, Nataraj T. Extraction of mosquitocidals from Ocimum canum leaves for the control of dengue and malarial vectors. The 20% oil solution of catnip in the study carried out by Amer et al. Human Expand View via Publisher subpictus. Morehead JA. Another certain benefit of making lemongrass as an insect repellent is its gambiae [54]. 2014;26:30510. In our data, the repellent is safe since it didnt cause itchiness and does not 2 0 obj For centuries lemon grass has been used by some cultures as a bug repellent. Almehmadi RM. 2015;8:2934. In 2 studies, repellency effectiveness of myrtle was investigated. These insect repellents help prevent and control the 0:45 . Phasomkusolsil S, Soonwera M. Insect repellent activity of medicinal plant oils against Aedes aegypti (Linn. Mosquito landing [44] also reported that citronella could repel Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles dirus for 8 and 6h, respectively. Yogananth N, Anuradha V, Ali MYS, Muthezhilan R, Chanthuru A, Prabu MM. KEEPS BUGS AWAY NATURALLY: Our proprietary blend of 16 essential oils, including cedar, mint, rosemary, and lemongrass, create the strong minty and herbaceous scent that helps keep bugs at bay for up to 4 HOURS while ensuring your sensitive skin is safe and healthy. Contemporary Philippine Arts from the Regions Grade 12 - Module, Philippine Pop Culture - Doreen G. Fernandez (pdf notes), Statistics-and-Probability G11 Quarter-4 Module-6 Computation-of-Test-Statistic-on-Population-Mean final, First Voyage Around the World (Sample Document Analysis)), 198853914 Obligations and Contracts Hector de Leon Reviewer, EEd323 Module in Contemporary, Popular and Emergent Literature, Effects of mobile legends research final document 2 math final na talaga, [Reviewer] (Prof Ed) Child AND Adolescent Development, Multiple learners in modular learning modality thesis, Face to face classes versus Modular distance learning Compare and Contrast, Activity 1 - Introduction to Cost Accounting, Analysis ON THE Speech OF CORY Aquino During THE US Congress, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Differences and Similarities of ROTC, LTS, CWTS, Module 1 of People and the Earth's Ecosystem, Chapter 1 - Patterns and Numbers in the World, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. Effect of different levels of feed added turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the performance of broiler chicks. FULL SIZE FOR BEST VALUE: Our 8oz tin of No-Bite-Me cream is amazing for the seasoned traveler. prevent arthropod borne diseases. Pak J Weed Sci Res. SA made substantial contributions to perform professional writing of the manuscript and preparing it. The researchers wanted to Karunamoorthi K. The counterfeit anti-malarial is a crime against humanity: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Among 500 species of Anopheles mosquitoes known globally, more than 50 species can transmit malaria from the bite of the infected female Anopheles spp. Trav Med Infect Dis. Jeyabalan D, Arul N, Thangamathi P. Studies on effects of Pelargonium citrosa leaf extracts on malarial vector. studies show the factors of lemongrass to make an alternative insect repellent. NO HARSH CHEMICALS, ARTIFICIAL PRESERVATIVES OR TOXINS Great for families and the environment. Fish Shellfish Immunol. Article Chapter-1 Efficacy of Lemongrass Extract as Insect Repellent - Concentration of Lemongrass Extract - Studocu It may help your knowledge to grow through this information. Alayo M, Femi-Oyewo M, Bakre L, Fashina A. Larvicidal potential and mosquito repellent activity of Cassia mimosoides extracts. Lemon grass contains citral, which is an essential oil, having medicinal and other useful significance. Barnard DR. Repellency of essential oils to mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Annu Rev Entomol. Since they will be making the insect health to prevent infectious vector borne diseases (Goddard, 2002) and allergic For the Parents/Guardians that this will serve as a guide for taking care of their children Table 3. Acar , Kesbi OS, Ylmaz S, Gltepe N, Trker A. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Repellent properties of celery, Apium graveolens L, compared with commercial repellents, against mosquitoes under laboratory and field conditions. [42] used basil essential oil at 0.02, 0.10, and 0.21mg/cm2 concentrations against An. Research has shown that citronella helps to 2014;13:209. The 20% oil solution of rosemary in the study conducted by Amer et al. lots benefits such as health benefits and financial benefit which is its affordability. Moreover, when it comes to ants, the product can 100% With the summer heat, it's important to keep yourself from getting bitten by bugs. Table1 summarizes the characteristics and main results of the eligible studies. 3 safe? The 20% Neem oil in a field trial conducted by Amer et al. Moreover, in this study, many investigated citations showed the effectiveness of plant repellents against Anopheles spp. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Tamil Nadu India Sci Asia. From the Weed Society of Pakistan (2019), it is stated that the [6], with mean percentage repellency of 42.8% and complete protection time against An. Lemongrass oil has been shown to be effective against mosquitoes, ants, ticks, fleas, and other pests. immiscible with water, volatile in steam and having high vapor pressure at the gambiae is able to detect citronellal molecules by olfactory neurons in the antenna controlled by the TRPA1 gene, activated directly by the molecule with high potency [83, 84]. Trace element contents and essential oil yields from wild thyme plant (Thymus serpyllum L.) grown at different natural variable environments, Jordan. Outcomes measures were percentage repellency and protection time. Neem isa versatile tree broadly grown in tropical areas of India [76]. LEMONGRASS RESEARCH - CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Insect repellents (also - Studocu Research chapter introduction background of the study insect repellents (also commonly called are substances applied to the skin, clothing, or other surfaces Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew Essential oils and extracts of plants are emerging as potential agents for Anopheles spp. Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus) is an effective repellent against mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and house flies (Diptera: Muscidae). borne diseases. Tavassoli et al. Trop Med Int Health. 2011;88:4818. found that tagetes extract is not affective against An. significance of lemongrass as a main ingredient for making insect repellent and how Murugan K, Kumar PM, Kovendan K, Amerasan D, Subrmaniam J, Hwang J-S. Larvicidal, pupicidal, repellent and adulticidal activity of Citrus sinensis orange peel extract against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Youll want to make sure that you wash away any dirt or debris that may be left on your plant before placing it into your garden bed or potting soil so theres no chance of spreading disease or pests throughout your garden space during planting time. In recent years, interest in plant-based repellents has been revived, as they contain a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals that are safe and biodegradable into non-toxic by-products, which could be screened for insecticidal activities and mosquito repellent. No fuss. Distillation Process is technique used for separating substances which are 2009;2009:e908085. (Family: Caesalpinaceae) against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. extracting the lemongrass oil from the lemongrass stalks, Steam Distillation could also Parasite. Reflection Paper: Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? Specifically, it seeks to answer to the following questions: 1. Effectiveness of citronella preparations in preventing mosquito bites: systematic review of controlled laboratory experimental studies. 2016;6:9738. Consistently, clove at 10%, 50%, and 100% concentrations, with a dose-dependent trend, showed 1.33, 2.66, and 3.5h complete repellency against An. 2012;111:224151. 2016;115:99106. Second, in field trial studies, the number of human volunteers as well as the season during which the trial had been performed differed among the included studies. Tavassoli M, Shayeghi M, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Khoobdel M, Salari M, et al. SHM assisted in translation, writing and elimination of technical errors. stephensi for 4.36h. Basilisan annual plant of the Ocimum genus, which belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used in traditional medicine in many parts of the world [74]. 2008;7:152. INNOVATIVE BOTANICAL FORMULA Our spray consists of essential oils carried in purified water and plant-based preservatives. 10ml of water This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of plant-based repellents against Anopheles mosquitoes. dirus for 6h [44] and An. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The product was able to withstand for as long as 3 hours upon repelling For the Parents/Guardians that in making insect repellent with the use of The frequent use of synthetic repellents with chemical origin for mosquito control has disturbed natural ecosystems and resulted in the development of resistance to insecticides, resurgence in mosquito populations, and adverse impact on non-target organisms [4, 7]. This compound is found in citrus fruits and works to repel many insects. Walle M, Walle B, Zerihun L, Makonnen E. Sedative-hypnotic like effect of the essential oil from the leaves of Myrtus communis on mice. How long does the effectivity of the lemongrass oil last? [58] used clove essential oil at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations against An. Traditional use of mosquito-repellent plants in western Kenya and their evaluation in semi-field experimental huts against Anopheles gambiae: ethnobotanical studies and application by thermal expulsion and direct burning. study: Citronella Grass (Lemongrass) are the species used for production of Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. 2011;4:698705. [22] also supported that rosemary at 1, 2.5 and 5mg/cm2 concentrations completely repels An. Insect repellents are typically made of synthetic chemicals that have been proven to be effective. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. Meat Sci. Mosquito repellent activity of essential oil of Ethiopian ethnomedicinal plant against Afro-tropical malarial vector Anopheles arabiensis. 2010;13:8596. GENTLE ON KIDS, EASY-TO-USE. Expect for 6 studies which were field trial, other studies were conducted on laboratory condition. If a consensus was reached, a study was excluded or selected to full-text screening. Parasitol Res. Plant oils may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic repellents in the future as they are relatively safe, inexpensive, and are readily available in many parts of the world. 2010;41:831. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. water over foliage (Cruz, 2004). [27], orange extract at 50, 150 and 250, 350, and 450ppm showed 0, 0.5, 0.5, 1.5 and 2h complete protection time repellency (100%) against An. The study has found out that lemon grass is an effective and alternative natural insect repellent. SAFE FOR CHILDREN: No-Bite-Me is a completely safe, natural bug repellent. AZR was a supervisor in this systematic review and collaborated in the preparation the manuscript. Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Repellent activity of selected plant essential oils against the malarial fever mosquito Anopheles stephensi. repel 24 attempted ant bites. It is one of the significant reasons for maternal and childhood morbidity and mortality, including low birth weight, stillbirths, and early infant death in sub-Saharan Africa [3]. (Gerard J. Tortora), The Law on Obligations and Contracts (Hector S. De Leon; Hector M. Jr De Leon), Intermediate Accounting (Conrado Valix, Jose Peralta, Christian Aris Valix), Auditing and Assurance Services: an Applied Approach (Iris Stuart), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Principles of Managerial Finance (Lawrence J. Gitman; Chad J. Zutter), Rubin's Pathology (Raphael Rubin; David S. Strayer; Emanuel Rubin; Jay M. McDonald (M.D. Reegan AD, Kinsalin AV, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Larvicidal, ovicidal and repellent activities of marine sponge Cliona celata (Grant) extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). As cost is a significant factor, examination of the use of local florae as repellents is highly suggested. Birkett MA, Hassanali A, Hoglund S, Pettersson J, Pickett JA. 2005;10:11908. Potential plant-based repellents stratified by protection time with at least 4h protection time are reported in Table2. This herb is spread from central Europe to central Asia and the Iranian plateaus [68]. One tin provides plenty of relief for you and the whole family. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks. Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G. Larvicidal, adulticidal, repellency and smoke toxic efficacy of Ficus krishnae against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex vishnui group mosquitoes. For the Students in Senior High School that lemongrass has insecticidal Lemongrass has insecticidal properties and the extracted oil is used as subpictus for 1, 1, and 1.5h, respectively. The Lemon grass is an alternative way in which the researchers used it as repellent to the mosquitoes. Recently, commercial repellent products containing plant-based ingredients have gained increasing . The repellency effect of clove against different species of Anopheles was investigated in 6 studies. Additionally, this study will produce significant and relevant information for future studies regarding to insect repellent. The oil of the Figure 2. Comparison of manufacturing cost of thyme extract obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and steam distillation. Anopheles dirus was repelled by clove for 1h in laboratory conditions in Thailand [47]. x=]R@2C&n-M4f+s=D&Lo7M[6o6mO_-mO?~w ,*H2NgQpaWW_8~FM]#4xBZ@Ekp udqc!2+ck{ED6dl-'_u7"`0Z Ansari et al. the skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages insects (and arthropods in This is another area for additional research. Lemon grass For example, adult butterflies feed on nectar from flowers such as milkweed or yucca when they are larvae; then they lay eggs on these plants so their offspring can eat the leaves when they hatch into caterpillars. Improvised set up of Steam Distillation Process with labeled parts. Extraction Process The present systematic review was performed to reveal which plant-based repellent can be relied on to provide a prolonged and predictable protection from species of Anopheles mosquitoes without causing side effects on human health. In this study, its effectiveness was assessed on stable . 2013;11:374411. J Agric Food Chem. 1999;36:6259. depressant, at the same time antibacterial. In the present work, essential oil 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal (citral) is hydrodistilled from lemon grass in the laboratory, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal acetals . 2001;26:7682. [65]. dirus [47], respectively. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. which can be poisonous, lemongrass is organic and safe. The product was 100% safe to use as it didnt cause allergies or itchiness None of the studies reported the inclusion and exclusion criteria explicitly other than specifying a healthy volunteer. PubMedGoogle Scholar. 2008;319:183842. registered in the list of EPA-GRAS. Lemon grass is popularly used for medical, food and insect repellent products After washing off excess dirt and grime (or waiting until after planting time), place the lemongrass into its new home by digging holes with a shovel deep enough so that all roots are covered up completely inside their new container/garden space with soil covering them up completely this will help ensure strong growth for years to come. Extracting the lemongrass oil will be done through Steam Distillation Diethyl-meta-toluamide) used as active chemical component in insect repellent, are now Chapter They are important tools of public A total of 62 trials met the inclusion criteria. Kumar KP, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar AN, Hwang J-S, Barnard DR. any chemical substance that may irritate sensitive skin immediately. Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions, the researchers would Ansari M, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan R. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Responses of antennal olfactory receptors in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti to human body odours. Govindarajan M. Larvicidal and repellent activities of Sida acuta Burm. after screening titles/abstracts; 11 were review publications; 8 investigated the repellency impact of chemical-based repellents or animal extracts; 7 studies were conducted on laboratory animals; 12 were abstracts, conference papers, comments, and editorials; 10 studies had not reported sufficient data regarding the percentage of repellency or complete protection time; and, 15 studies were other irrelevant studies. Attempts Frequency Percent gambiae [54]. Unlike the DEET Aegis Pest Service states that, Unlike the DEET insect repellent spray; PubMed The plant can be used in a number of ways to keep bugs out of your home and garden. Ethnobotanical study of some of mosquito repellent plants in north-eastern Tanzania. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Third, it should be highlighted that some plant compounds are irritating to the skin and/or highly toxic to mammals, and natural does not equate to safe. The plant, indigenous to Europe, is now widespread in cultivation worldwide [66]. Insect Repellents Oils, Volatile . [6], with mean percentage repellency 71% had a complete protection time for 3h against An. The 20% oil solution of T. minuta in the study conducted by Amer et al. Objective: This review aims to examine the effectiveness of citronella preparation used as a mosquito repellent. lemongrass on mosquitoes and ants in an open area. In addition to being a plant-based mosquito repeller, this spray will kill and repel hundreds of common pests, such as gnats, ticks, fleas, no-see-ums, spiders, and other biting flies. 1995;120:53842. mosquitoes. In 6 studies, repellency effectiveness of basil against different Anopheles species was investigated. Benefits of Lemongrass Oil as Natural Alternative Insect Repellent A total of 383 studies were found by the initial literature search of the databases. Asian Pac J Trop Med. Parasitol Res. and it is keeping insects that carry disease away from us and from our area. for safe use, lemongrass oil is mixed by water and alcohol. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Principios de Anatomia E Fisiologia (12a. Asian Pac J Trop Med. The highest repellency effect was identified from Ligusticum sinense extract, followed by citronella, pine, Dalbergia sissoo, peppermint and Rhizophora mucronata oils with complete protection time ranging from 9.1 to 11.5h. Furthermore, essential oils from plants such as lavender, camphor, catnip, geranium, jasmine, broad-leaved eucalyptus, lemongrass, lemon-scented eucalyptus, amyris, narrow-leaved eucalyptus, carotin, cedarwood, chamomile, cinnamon oil, juniper, cajeput, soya bean, rosemary, niaouli, olive, tagetes, violet, sandalwood, litsea, galbanum, and Curcuma longa also showed good repellency with 8h complete repellency against different species of Anopheles. reduce mosquito landing around 40%. If used against mosquito larvae, such insecticides . insect repellent costs Php 40 while in doing our experiment, it didnt cost us anything will be tried and tested. found that Neem extract is not affective against An. J Agric Biol Sci. researchers wanted to study about this so that people will try to use natural (plant- Parasitol Res. The lemongrass is known for its effectiveness in repelling insects. The field of herbal repellents is extremely fertile as people demand mosquitoes repellents that are safe, pleasant to usage and ecologically maintainable. recommend the following: For the Future Researchers who would like to conduct the experiment that in of alcohol should not be more than the amount of lemongrass oil in order to maintain the Individuals MK collaborated in the study conception and the collection and translation of articles. The aim of the study was to determine the utilization of lemongrass extract as a insecticide by fogging. By using this website, you agree to our Lara M, Gutierrez J, Timon M, Andrs A. 2015;14:307. This study is only limited to determine the effectiveness of the lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) crude extract an alternative repellent. Moreover, 100l and 0.1ml of citronella grass essential oil showed 2.16 and 0.8h complete protection time against An. and Anopheles dirus (Peyton and Harrison). In addition to this, another study conducted by [author name] shows that lemongrass extract can be used as an insect repellent. more relevant and accurate data. materials needed: H"Chgr gL%kL" $?]%}11XI In the laboratory trial by Amer et al. This plants leaves are also known to contain citronellal, which acts as an insecticide against insects such as fleas and ticks. CAS 2003;89:1859. It is a plant and has many uses. Studies found that cats and dogs, although they can hear the waves, ultrasonic sound is inaudible to humans and household pets. and for keeping them safe. killing them. Bahuguna V. Silviculture and management practices for cultivation of Azadirachta indica (Neem). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Forgot to apply No-Bite-Me and got some bug bites? The following factors are discussed further with its relation to the Rawani A, Banerjee A, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal and biting deterrency activity of bud of Polianthes tuberosa plants extract against Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus. 2014;4:S54955. Iranian J Arthropod Borne Dis. Videos for related products. 2009;7:9204. Thus, plants with potential repellency properties should be tested for their possible unpleasant side effects before introducing as alternative products. However, when focusing on Anopheles subspecies, there were only a few publications indicating the efficacy of each plant, which resulted in a difficulty to reach a robust conclusion regarding the best herbal candidates to develop new commercial repellents. In: Debboun M, Frances SP, Strickman D, editors. Results of the Experiment in Observing the Repellency of the Product Given to the sources of heterogeneity in the current systematic review, future research assessing the repellent impacts should provide clear definitions of repellents, characteristics of volunteers in field trials, mosquito species, and outcome measures. After identifying the eligible studies, the following data were collected from each study by application of standardized data collection form to improve accuracy and critical appraisal: the first author name, country of origin, journal details, publication year, condition of study (field or laboratory), plant name, Anopheles species, concentration or dose of repellents, repellency percentage and complete protection time. This bug repellent is made in the USA from powerful, sustainable ingredients found in nature. Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Kovendan K, Kumar PM. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. Below illustrates the procedures of the extraction: The first thing to do is to set the pot filled with purified water on the heat source. Barnard et al. Google Scholar. Chemical composition and mosquito repellency of essential oil of Conyza newii propagated in different geographical locations of Kenya. Konan Y, Sylla M, Doannio J, Traor S. Comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of Cocos nucifera, Elaeis guineensis and Carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in Ivory Coast. Ansari M, Mittal P, Razdan R, Sreehari U. Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil. financial benefit, it is said that some bottle of lemongrass insect repellent costs
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